Contacts between cultures are a driving force of technological, scientific and linguistic development, where a culturally or economically more advanced region “feeds” its neighbouring regions. The Austro-Hungarian empire was a multi-cultural environment where this transfer can be observed through — among other processes — translation. This study focuses on the development of Slovene technical and scientific terminology under the influence of German and is based upon a sample from a recently built digital library of translations from German into Slovene from the period 1848-1919, which was created within two nationally-funded projects in Austria and Slovenia.
The period between 1848 and 1919 was particularly crucial for the Slovene linguistic development, and German was at the time an influential language from which many concepts, expressions, phrases and names were borrowed. Apart from the level of the lexicon, significant changes can also be observed on other linguistic levels, from orthography, morphology, phonology, to syntax and pragmatics.
This study analyses several term formation processes such as borrowings, loan translations, term variation, etc.
The corpus-based method allows us to quantify the observed linguistic phenomena and compare some generic traits of texts from various domains, such as the type/token ratio or the ratio of borrowings compared to native vocabulary.
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Bibliography of the Sample Corpus
Gasteiner, Josip (1908). Knjigovodstvo za dvorazredne trgovske šole (Bookkeeping for two-year Merchant Schools), translated by Volc Ivan. Ljubljana: Slov. trgovsko društvo “Merkur.”
Goethe, Arminij (1881). Trtna uš. Poljudno razlaganje o tem kakšne lastnosti ima in kako živi ovi najnevarnejši sovražnik vinske trte in kaj moramo storiti v obrambo zoper ta mrčes. (The Grape Phylloxera: A Popular Explanation about Its Characteristics and Preventive Measures against this Evil Vermin). V Gradci: Štajersko društvo za omikanje ljudstva.
Goethe, Hermann (1891). Iz biologičnega trtorejskega poskušališča od Hermana Goethe-ja v Badenu pri Dunaju (From the Biological Viticultural Experimentation Site), translated by the Farmers’ Association of Gorizia. Gorica: Paternolli.
N. N. (1852). Peter in Pavl, ali Bóg ubózih sirót najboljši oče. Povest za otroke in mladénče, za odrašene, kakor tudi za starše in učitelje. (Peter and Paul or God as the Best Father to Poor Orphans). Celovec: Joan Leon.
Rohlwes, Johann Nikolaus (1856). Domače živinozdravstvo v boleznih konj, govedja, ovac, prešičev, koz in psov, ali nauk, kako mora kmetovavec svojo živino rediti, ji streči, jo kermiti in ozdravljati (Home Veterinary Medicine for the Diseases of Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Dogs), translated by Robida Karl. Celovec: Janez Leon.
Schmid, Christoph (1853). Dve povesti iz pisem Kristofa Šmida. A. Golobčik. B. Kanarčik (Two Stories from the Letters of Kristof Šmid), translated by P.[intar] [nton] ]. Ljubljana: Jožef Blaznik.
Schmid, Christoph (1855). Roza Jelodvorska. Lepa podučivna in kratkočasna pripovest za mlade in odrašene ljudi (Roza Jelodvorska. A pretty educational and entertaining tale for young and grown up people), translated by Pijelik Dragoslav. Ljubljana: Henrik Ničman.
Schödler, Friedrich Karl Ludwig (1869). Astronomija (Astronomy), translated by Ogrinec Vil.[jem] , in Knjiga prirode. I. del. Fizika, Astronomija in Kemija. Volume 1, Ljubljana: Matica Slovenska, 229-339.
Šmid, Krištof (1851). Hirlanda bretanjska vojvodnja ali zmaga čednosti in nedolžnosti. Nauka polna povest za starost in mladost (Hirlanda, the Dutchess of Bretagne or the Victory of Purity and Innocence). Ljubljana: J. Giontini.
Wimmer, Anton (1854). Gnojnišče kmetovavca zlati rudnik (The Dunghill—A Farmer’s Gold Mine), translated by Bleiweis Janez. Ljubljana: kmetijska družba.
Zschokke, Heinrich (1847). Čujte, čujte, kaj žganje dela! Prigodba, žalostna ino vesela za Slovence (Hear, Hear What Liquor Can Do! A Sad and Merry Tale for Slovenes), translated by Globočnik Felicijan. Celovec: Joan Leon.
Zschokke, Heinrich (1848). Zlata Vas. Podučna in kratkočasna povest (The Golden Village: An Educational and Entertaining Tale), translated by Malavašič Fran. Ljubljana: Jožef Blaznik.
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