The Cognitive Turn in Metaphor Translation Studies: A Critical Overview

Wenjie Hong, Caroline Rossi

翻译学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (2) : 83-115.

PDF(870 KB)
PDF(870 KB)
翻译学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (2) : 83-115.

The Cognitive Turn in Metaphor Translation Studies: A Critical Overview

  • Wenjie Hong, Caroline Rossi
作者信息 +

The Cognitive Turn in Metaphor Translation Studies: A Critical Overview

  • Wenjie Hong, Caroline Rossi
Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

Metaphor translation has been a matter of concern in translation studies because its interlinguistic transfer can be impeded by cross-cultural and crosslinguistic differences. Since the inception of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), which focuses on the conceptual structure of metaphorical language, a range of studies have emerged to investigate metaphor translation from a cognitive perspective, presenting an eclectic mix of research questions and methodologies. This paper is targeted at illustrating what the cognitive approach has offered to translation studies by providing a critical overview of recent research in metaphor translation from a cognitive perspective. It is pointed out that cognitive theory can get to the heart of metaphor, an essential cognitive device for meaning-making, as well as translation, a cognitive activity. Illustrations from the literature show that a cognitive approach can account for in-depth conceptual transfer in the analysis of product- and process-oriented metaphor translation. The cognitive approach also provides important insights into translation as cross- cultural communication by offering a redefinition of culture. Within this context, the paper provides multilingual illustrations while paying special attention to translation between culturally-distant languages, e.g., English-Chinese and French-Chinese translation. Lastly, it is argued that there is potential in combining cognitive theory with translation theories such as Descriptive Translation Studies and the Interpretive Theory of Translation.

Abstract

Metaphor translation has been a matter of concern in translation studies because its interlinguistic transfer can be impeded by cross-cultural and crosslinguistic differences. Since the inception of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), which focuses on the conceptual structure of metaphorical language, a range of studies have emerged to investigate metaphor translation from a cognitive perspective, presenting an eclectic mix of research questions and methodologies. This paper is targeted at illustrating what the cognitive approach has offered to translation studies by providing a critical overview of recent research in metaphor translation from a cognitive perspective. It is pointed out that cognitive theory can get to the heart of metaphor, an essential cognitive device for meaning-making, as well as translation, a cognitive activity. Illustrations from the literature show that a cognitive approach can account for in-depth conceptual transfer in the analysis of product- and process-oriented metaphor translation. The cognitive approach also provides important insights into translation as cross- cultural communication by offering a redefinition of culture. Within this context, the paper provides multilingual illustrations while paying special attention to translation between culturally-distant languages, e.g., English-Chinese and French-Chinese translation. Lastly, it is argued that there is potential in combining cognitive theory with translation theories such as Descriptive Translation Studies and the Interpretive Theory of Translation.

关键词

metaphor translation / conceptual metaphor / cognitive approach to translation / translation studies / cognitive linguistics

Key words

metaphor translation / conceptual metaphor / cognitive approach to translation / translation studies / cognitive linguistics

引用本文

导出引用
Wenjie Hong, Caroline Rossi. The Cognitive Turn in Metaphor Translation Studies: A Critical Overview[J]. 翻译学报. 2021, 5(2): 83-115
Wenjie Hong, Caroline Rossi. The Cognitive Turn in Metaphor Translation Studies: A Critical Overview[J]. Journal of Translation Studies. 2021, 5(2): 83-115

参考文献

Agrifoglio, Marjorie (2004). “Sight Translation and Interpreting: A Comparative Analysis of Constraints and Failures.” Interpreting 6 (1): 43–67. https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.6.1.05agr.
Al-Zoubi, Mohammad Q., Mohammed N. Al-Ali,Ali R. Al-Hasnawi (2007). “Cogno-Cultural Issues in Translating Metaphors.” Perspectives 14 (3): 230-239. https://doi.org/10.1080/09076760708669040.
Aleshtar, Maryam Teymouri, andHamidreza Dowlatabadi (2014). “Metaphoric Competence and Language Proficiency in the Same Boat.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 98: 1895-1904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.620.
Alvarez, Antonia (1993). “On Translating Metaphor.” Meta 38 (3): 479. https://doi.org/10.7202/001879ar.
Alves, Fabio, Adriana Pagano, Stella Neumann, Erich Steiner,Silvia Hansen-Schirra (2010). “Translation Units and Grammatical Shifts. Towards an Integration of Product- and Process-Based Translation Research.” In Translation and Cognition, ed. by Gregory M. Shreve, and Erik Angelone, 109-142. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Amouzadeha, Mohammad,Manouchehr Tavangar, and Mohammad A. Sorahia (2012). “A Cognitive Study of Colour Terms in Persian and English.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 32: 238-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.035.
Arduini, Stefano (1998). “Translating Metaphors and Intercultural Communication.” In Issues in Translation, ed. by Abdullah T. Sjunnanq, Cay Dollerup, and Mohammed Saraireh, 189-204. Jordan: Irbid National University & Jordanian Translators’ Association.
Benczes, Réka (2011). “Blending and Creativity in Metaphorical Compounds: A Diachronic Investigation.” In Windows to the Mind: Metaphor, Metonymy, and Conceptual Blending, ed. by Sandra Handl, and Hans-Jörg Schmid, 247-267. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Bojović, Brankica (2014). “Strategies of Metaphor Translation.”ELTA Journal 2(2): 74-81.
Chesterman, Andrew (2009). “The Name and Nature of Translator Studies.” Hermes-Journal of Language and Communication Studies 42: 13-22. https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v22i42.96844.
Dagut, Menachem (1976). “Can ‘Metaphor’ Be Translated?” Babel 22 (1): 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.22.1.05dag.
—(1987). “More about the Translatability of Metaphor.” Babel 33 (2): 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.33.2.06dag.
Danesi, Marcel (1995). “Learning and Teaching Languages: The Role of ‘Conceptual Fluency.’”International Journal of Applied Linguistics 5(1): 3-20.
—(2015). “Conceptual Fluency in Second Language Teaching: An Overview of Problems, Issues, Research Findings, and Pedagogy.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 5 (1): 145-153. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.5n.1p.145.
Deignan, Alice (2003). “Metaphorical Expressions and Culture: An Indirect Link.” Metaphor and Symbol 18 (4): 255-271. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327868MS1804.
Deignan, Alice, Danuta Gabryś,Agnieszka Solska (1997). “Teaching English Metaphors Using Cross-Linguistic Awareness-Raising Activities.” ELT Journal 51 (4): 352-360. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/51.4.352.
Dickins, James (2006). “Two Models for Metaphor Translation.” Target 17 (2): 227-273. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.17.2.03dic.
Ding, Ersu (2009). “Metaphor and Culture.” Asia Social Science 5 (1): 47-69. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v5n1p47.
Ding, Yan, Dirk Noël, and Hans-Georg Wolf (2010). “Patterns in Metaphor Translation: A Corpus-Based Case Study of the Translation of FEAR Metaphors between English and Chinese.” In Using Corpora in Contrastive and Translation Studies, ed. by Xiao Richard, 40-61. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Dobrzyńska, Teresa (1995). “Translating Metaphor: Problems of Meaning.” Journal of Pragmatics 24 (6): 595-604. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166 (95)00022-K.
Doiz, Aintzane,Carmen Elizari (2013). “Metaphoric Competence and the Acquisition of Figurative Vocabulary in Foreign Language Learning.” Elia 13 (1): 47-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/elia.2013.i13.02.
Fernandez, James W.(ed.) (1991). Beyond Metaphor: The Theory of Tropes in Anthropology Stanford: Stanford University Press The Theory of Tropes in Anthropology. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Gibbs, Raymond W.(1994). The Poetics of Mind: Figurative Thought, Language, and Understanding. New York: Cambridge University Press.
—(1999). “Taking Metaphor out of Our Heads and Putting It into the Cultural World.” In Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics, ed. by Raymond Gibbs, and Gerard Steen, 145-166. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
—(2010). “Complementary Perspectives on Metaphor: Cognitive Linguistics and Relevance Theory.”D.E.L.T.A 26(special issue): 657-677.
Gile, Daniel (2009). Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training. Revised ed. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Grady, Joseph E. (1997a). “Foundations of Meaning: Primary Metaphors and Primary Scenes.” Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3g9427m2.
— (1997b). “THEORIES ARE BUILDINGS Revisited.” Cognitive Linguistics 8 (4): 267-290. https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.1997.8.4.267.
Grady, Joseph E., Todd Oakley,Seana Coulson (1999). “Blending and Metaphor.” In Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics, ed. by Raymond W. Gibbs, and Gerard J. Steen, 101-124. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Hanić, Jasmina, Tanja Pavlović,Alma Jahić (2017). “Translating Emotion- Related Metaphors: A Cognitive Approach.” ExELL 4 (2): 87-101. https://doi.org/10.1515/exell-2017-0008.
Hashemian, Mahmood, Mohammad Reza,Talebi Nezhad (2007). “The Development of Conceptual Fluency & Metaphorical Competence in L2 Learners.”Linguistik Online 30(1): 41-56.
Hastürkoğlu, Gökçen (2018). “Incorporation of Conceptual Metaphor Theory in Translation Pedagogy: A Case Study on Translating Simile-Based Idioms.” Australian Journal of Linguistics 38 (4): 467-483. https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2018.1510728.
Hiraga, Masako K.(1991). “Metaphor and Comparative Cultures.” In Cross- Cultural Communication: East and West, vol. 3, 149-166. Tainan: T’ai Ch’eng Publishing.
Holme, Randal (2004). Mind, Metaphor and Language Teaching. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jackson, Joshua Conrad, Joseph Watts, Teague R. Henry, Johann-mattis List, Robert Forkel, Peter J. Mucha, Simon J. Greenhill, Russell D. Gray,Kristen A. Lindquist (2019). “Emotion Semantics Show Both Cultural Variation and Universal Structure.” Science 366 (6472): 1517-1522. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw8160.
Jamet, Denis (2003). “Traduire La Métaphore: Ébauche de Méthode” [Translating metaphors: Preliminary methods]. In Traductologie, Linguistique et TraductionActes Du Colloque International de Traductologie [Translation studies, linguistics, and translation—Proceedings of international colloquium on translation studies], ed. by Michel Ballard, and Ahmed El Kaladi, 127-143. Arras: Artois Presses Université.
Jensen, Astrid (2017). “Coping with Metaphor. A Cognitive Approach to Translating Metaphor.” HERMES—Journal of Language and Communication in Business 18 (35): 183-207. https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v18i35.25823.
Kloepfer, Rolf (1967). Die Theorie Der Literarischen U?bersetzung [The theory of literary translation]. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.
Koglin, Arlene (2015). “An Empirical Investigation of Cognitive Effort Required to Post-Edit Machine Translated Metaphors Compared to the Translation of Metaphors.”Translation and Interpreting 7(1): 126-141.
Kövecses, Zoltán (2004). Metaphor and Emotion: Language, Culture, and Body in Human Feeling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
—(2005). Metaphor in Culture: Universality and Variation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
—(2010). Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
— (2014). “Conceptual Metaphor Theory and the Nature of Difficulties in Metaphor Translation.” In Tradurre Figure/Translating Figurative Language, ed. by Donna R. Miller, and Enrico Monti, 25-40. Bologna: AMSActa.
Lakoff, George (1987). Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
—(1993). “The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor.” In Metaphor and Thought, ed. by Andrew Ortony, 202-251. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139173865.013.
Lakoff, George,Mark Johnson (1980). Metaphors We Live By. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
— (2015). Women laiyi shengcun de yinyu 我們賴以生存的隱喻 [Metaphors we live by]. Trans. by Wenzhong He 何文忠 . Zhejiang: Zhejiang University Press.
Lakoff, George,Zoltán Kövecses (1987). “The Cognitive Model of Anger Inherent in American English.” In Cultural Models in Language and Thought, ed. by Dorothy Holland, and Naomi Quinn, 195-221. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511607660.009.
Lakoff, George,Mark Turner (1989). More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor Chicago: University of Chicago Press A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lavault-Olléon, Élisabeth (2018). “Regard Diachronique et Prospectif Sur Un Demi-Siècle de Traductologie Pragmatique” [Translation studies in retrospect: From pioneer theories to translation ergonomics and machine translation]. ASp 74: 5-26. https://doi.org/10.4000/asp.5239.
Lee, Hye-Seung (2006). “Socio-Cultural Characteristics Found in Russian- Korean Translation of Metaphoric Expressions.” Meta 51 (2): 368-377. https://doi.org/10.7202/013262ar.
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, Barbara (2010). “Re-Conceptualization and the Emergence of Discourse Meaning as a Theory of Translation.” In Meaning in Translation, ed. by Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, and Marcel Thelen, 105-147. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Littlemore, Jeannette (2001). “Metaphoric Competence: A Possible Language Learning Strength of Students with a Holistic Cognitive Style?” TESOL 35 (3): 459-491. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588031.
—(2010). “Metaphoric Competence in the First and Second Language: Similarities and Differences.” In Cognitive Processing in Second Language Acquisition: Inside the Learner’s Mind, ed. by Martin Pütz, and Laura Sicola, 293-316. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Littlemore, Jeannette,Graham Low (2006a). Figurative Thinking and Foreign Language Learning. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
—(2006b). “Metaphoric Competence, Second Language Learning and Communicative Language Ability.” Applied Linguistics 27: 268-294. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/aml004.
Low, Graham D. (1988). “On Teaching Metaphor.” Applied Linguistics 9 (2): 125-147. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/9.2.125.
Maalej, Zouhair (2008). “Translating Metaphor between Unrelated Cultures: A Cognitive-Pragmatic Perspective.”Sayyab Translation Journal 1: 60-81.
Mandelblit, Nili (1995). “The Cognitive View of Metaphor and Its Implications for Translation Theory.” In Translation and Meaning Part 3, 483-495. Maastricht: Maastricht University Press.
Mason, Kirsten (1982). “Metaphor and Translation.” Babel 28 (3): 140-149. https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.28.3.05mas.
Massey, Gary (2021). “Re-Framing Conceptual Metaphor Translation Research in the Age of Neural Machine Translation: Investigating Translators’ Added Value with Products and Processes.” Training, Language and Culture 5 (1): 37-56. https://doi.org/10.22363/2521-442X-2021-5-1-37-56.
Massey, Gary,Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow (2017). “Translating Conceptual Metaphor: The Processes of Managing Interlingual Asymmetry.”Research in Language 15(2): 173-189.
Matsuki, Keiko (1995). “Metaphors of Anger in Japanese.” In Language and the Cognitive Construal of the World, ed. by John R. Taylor, and Robert E. MacLaury, 137-151. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110809305.137.
Menacere, Mohammed (1992). “Arabic Metaphor and Idiom in Translation.” Meta 37 (3): 567-572. https://doi.org/10.7202/003627ar.
Nacey, Susan (2016). “Metaphor Comprehension and Production in a Second Language.” In The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language, ed. by Elena Semino, and Zsófia Demjén, 503-515. London and New York: Routledge.
Newmark, Peter (1981). Approaches to Translation. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Nida, Eugene A. (1964). Toward a Science of Translating. Leiden: Brill.
Nida, Eugene A.,Charles R. Taber (1982). The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: Brill.
Oliynyk, Tetyana (2014). “Metaphor Translation Methods.”International Journal of Applied Science and Technology 4(1): 123-126.
Reiss, Katharina (1971). Mo?glichkeiten Und Grenzen Der U?bersetzungskritik [Translation criticism: The potentials and limitations]. Munich: Max Hueber Verlag.
Richards I. A.(1936). The Philosophy of Rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press.
Rojo, Ana (2015). “Translation Meets Cognitive Science: The Imprint of Translation on Cognitive Processing.” Multilingua 34 (6): 721-746. https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2014-0066.
Safarnejad, Fatemeh, Imran Ho-Abdullah,Norsimah Mat Awal (2014). “Cultural Basis of Metaphors Translation: Case of Emotions in Persian and English.” Asian Social Science 10 (7): 107-118. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n7p107.
Samaniego Fernández, Eva (2002). “Translators’ English-Spanish Metaphorical Competence: Impact on the Target System.” ELIA 3: 203-218. http://institucional.us.es/revistas/elia/3/12. samaniego.pdf.
— (2011). “Translation Studies and the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor.” Review of Cognitive Linguistics 9 (1): 262-279. https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.9.1.12sam.
Samaniego Fernández, Eva, Marisol Velasco Sacristán,Pedro A. Fuertes Olivera (2005). “Translations We Live by: The Impact of Metaphor Translation on Target Systems.” In Lengua y Sociedad: Investigaciones Recientes En Lingüística Aplicada [Language and society: Recent research on applied linguistics], ed. by Pedro A. Fuertes Olivera, 61-81. Valladolid: University of Valladolid.
Saygin, Ayse Pinar (2001). “Processing Figurative Language in a Multi-Lingual Task: Translation, Transfer and Metaphor.” In Proceedings of Corpus- Based and Processing Approaches to Figurative Language Workshop. Lancaster: Lancaster University.
Schäffner, Christina (2004). “Metaphor and Translation: Some Implications of a Cognitive Approach.” Journal of Pragmatics 36: 1253-1269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2003.10.012.
Schäffner, Christina,Paul Chilton (2021). “Translation, Metaphor and Cognition.” In The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Cognition, ed. by Fabio Alves, and Arnt Lykke Jakobsen, 326-343. London and New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315178127-22.
Schäffner, Christina,Mark Shuttleworth (2013). “Metaphor in Translation: Possibilities for Process Research.” Target 25 (1): 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.25.1.08shu.
Seleskovitch, Danica,Marianne Lederer (1984). Interpréter Pour Traduire
81 [Interpret to translate]. Paris: Didier Erudition.
Semino, Elena (2002). “A Sturdy Baby or a Derailing Train? Metaphorical Representations of the Euro in British and Italian Newspapers.” Text 22 (1): 107-139. https://doi.org/10.1515/text.2002.001.
Shuttleworth, Mark (2011). “Translational Behaviour at the Frontiers of Scientific Knowledge Translational Behaviour at the Frontiers of Scientific Knowledge.” The Translator 17 (2): 301-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2011.10799491.
Sjørup, Annette C. (2013). “Cognitive Effort in Metaphor Translation: An Eye-Tracking Study.” Doctoral Dissertation, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen.
Snell-Hornby, Mary (1995). Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Steen, Gerard J. (2008). “The Paradox of Metaphor: Why We Need a Three- Dimensional Model of Metaphor.” Metaphor and Symbol 23 (4): 213-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926480802426753.
— (2015). “Developing, Testing and Interpreting Deliberate Metaphor Theory.” Journal of Pragmatics 90: 67-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma. 2015.03.013.
— (2017). “Deliberate Metaphor Theory: Basic Assumptions, Main Tenets, Urgent Issues.” Intercultural Pragmatics 14 (1): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2017-0001.
Stern, Gustaf (1931). Meaning and Change of Meaning: With Special Reference to the English Language. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Stienstra, Nelly (1993). YHWH Is the Husband of His People: Analysis of Biblical Metaphor with Special Reference to Translation. Kampen: Kok Pharos.
Taylor, John R.,Thandi G. Mbense (1998). “Red Dogs and Rotten Mealies: How Zulus Talk about Anger.” In Speaking of Emotions: Conceptualization and Expression, ed. by Angeliki Athanasiadou, and Elzbieta Tabakowska, 191-226. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Toury, Gideon (1985). “A Rationale for Descriptive Translation Studies.” In The Manipulation of Literature: Studies in Literary Translation, ed. by Theo Hermans, 16-41. London and Sydney: Croom Helm.
— (2012). Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Revised ed.
Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Turner, Mark,Gilles Fauconnier (2002). The Way We Think. Conceptual Blending and the Mind’s Hidden Complexities. New York: Basic Books.
Ureña, José Manuel,Maribel Tercedor (2008). “Situated Metaphor in Scientific Discourse: An English-Spanish Contrastive Study.” Languages in Contrast 11 (2): 216-240. https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.11.2.04ure.
Vandaele, Sylvie,Leslie Lubin (2005). “Approche Cognitive de La Traduction Dans Les Langues de Spécialité: Vers Une Systématisation de La Description de La Conceptualisation Métaphorique” [Cognitive approach to specialized translation: Towards a systematization of the description of metaphorical conceptualization]. Meta 50 (2): 415-431. https://doi.org/10.7202/010991ar.
Van den Broeck, Raymond (1981).“The Limits of Translatability Exemplified by Metaphor Translation Author.”Poetics Today 2(4): 73-87.
Watorek, Marzena,Sophie Wauquier (2016). “Diversité d’approches et de Méthodes En Acquisition Des Langues Secondes” [Diversity of approaches and methods in second language acquisition]. Revue Française de Linguistique Appliquée [French journal of applied linguistics] 21(2): 5-17.
Whately, Richard (1861). Elements of Rhetoric. Nashville: Southern Methodist Publishing House.
Yu, Ning (1995). “Metaphorical Expressions of Anger and Happiness in English and Chinese.” Metaphor and Symbolic Activity 10 (2): 59-92. https://doi. org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327868ms1002_1.
— (2003). “Metaphor, Body, andCulture: The Chinese Understanding of Gallbladder and Courage.” Metaphor and Symbol 18 (1): 13-31. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327868MS1801_2.
Zheng, Binghan,Xia Xiang (2013). “Processing Metaphorical Expressions in Sight Translation: An Empirical-Experimental Research.” Babel 59 (2): 160-183. https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.59.2.03zhe.
Zheng, Binghan,Hao Zhou (2018). “Revisiting Processing Time for Metaphorical Expressions: An Eye-Tracking Study on Eye-Voice Span during Sight Translation.”Foreign Language Teaching and Research 50(5): 744-759.

PDF(870 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

段落导航
相关文章

/