在「人類世」的語境下動物能動性的翻譯工作面臨新挑戰,特別是人類中心主義向後人類中心主義的認知轉型,提供了實現與動物主體更細膩倫理共感的機遇。本文以「生態翻譯」、「生態語言學」與「敘事動物行為學」等生態取向理論為框架,考察厄內斯特．湯普森．西頓的動物故事集《我所知道的野生動物》（1898）的中文譯本中動物行為、社會規範與家庭價值觀的呈現方式。文章重點分析原作及譯本中擬人化傾向與動物能動性的互動關係,主張在寫實動物故事等類似文本的翻譯中採用生態翻譯方法。該方法避免將動物簡單塑造成自動化的人類文化產物,而是通過解析和揭示原文本中所蘊含的動物能動性,或從該文類旨趣推演其能動性。最後,本文提出若干翻譯策略,將動物能動性定位為生態翻譯實踐之不可或缺要素。
Abstract
Translating animal agency poses evolving challenges and opportunities for more nuanced ethical attunements with animal subjects, especially in light of Anthropocene realities and the ongoing shift from anthropocentric to post-anthropocentric ways of understanding the world. Drawing on ecologically informed frameworks such as “eco-translation,” “ecolinguistics,” and “narrative ethology,” this study examines the portrayals of animal behaviors, social mores, and family values in Chinese translations of Ernest Thompson Seton's collection of animal stories Wild Animals I Have Known (1898). Focusing on the interplay of anthropomorphic projections and animal agency in the original and its translations, this study argues for an eco-translational approach to similar works, particularly within the genre of realistic animal stories. This approach refrains from fabricating pseudopersonhood for animals as mere automatized human cultural constructs. Instead, it seeks to analytically unveil pre-existing animal agency encoded in the source text or extrapolate it from the genre's ethos. The study concludes with the potential strategies that emphasize the importance of unveiling animal agency as an indispensable component of eco-translation.
关键词
生態翻譯 /
生態語言學 /
敘事行為動物學 /
動物能動性 /
擬人化
Key words
eco-translation /
ecolinguistics /
narrative ethology /
animal agency /
anthropomorphism
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
Badenes, Guillermo,Josefina Coisson (2015). “Ecotranslation: A Journey into the Wild through the Road Less Travelled.” European Scientific Journal, special edition 11 (10): 356-368.
Because of Love (2018). “120 Years Since Its Birth, Over 100 Million Copies Sold, the World's First True Animal Novel Seton's Animal Stories: Beautifully Illustrated Edition.” Sohu, 14 May. https://www.sohu.com/a/231513670_721223. Accessed 27 April 2025.
Bousé, Derek (2000). Wildlife Films. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Burghardt, Gordon M.(1997). “Amending Tinbergen: A Fifth Aim for Ethology.” In Anthropomorphism, Anecdotes, and Animals, ed. by Robert W. Mitchell, Nicholas S. Thompson, and Lyn H. Miles, 254-276. SUNY Press.
Chen, Xuemei (2024). “Chinese Translations of Third-Person Pronouns for Talking and Non-Talking Animals inCharlotte's Web.” Children's Literature in Education 56: 460-132.
Cronin, Michael (2017). Eco-Translation: Translation and Ecology in the Age of the Anthropocene. Routledge.
Dasca, Maria,Rosa Cerarols (eds.) (2024). Translation Studies and Ecology: Mapping the Possibilities of a New Emerging Field. Routledge.
Dunayer, Joan (2001). Animal Equality: Language and Liberation. Ryce Publishing.
———(2004). Speciesism. Ryce Publishing.
Fill, Alwin,Hermine Penz (eds.) (2017). The Routledge Handbook of Ecolinguistics. Routledge.
Gardelle, Laure (2023). “Pronoun Activism and the Power of Animacy.” In The Routledge Handbook of Pronouns, ed. by Laura L. Paterson, 394-408. Routledge.
Garrard, Greg (2023). Ecocriticism. Routledge.
Gell, Alfred (1998). Art and Agency: An Anthropological Theory. Clarendon Press.
Godlewicz-Adamiec, Joanna,Paweł Piszczatowski (2024). “Expanding Horizons: Some Non-Anthropocentric Views of Agency. An Introduction.” In Re-Thinking Agency: Non-Anthropocentric Approaches, ed. by Joanna Godlewicz-Adamiec, and Paweł Piszczatowski, 9-20. V&R Unipress.
Goodall, Jane,Douglas Abrams (2021). The Book of Hope: A Survival Guide for Trying Times. Celadon Books.
Guthrie, Stewart E.(1993). Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion. Oxford University Press.
Haraway, Donna J. (2008). When Species Meet. University of Minnesota.
Hu, Gengshen (2020). Eco-Translatology towards an Eco-Paradigm of Translation Studies. Springer.
Huang, Chengliang (2024). “Ecological Civilization: A New Form of Human Civilization.” In The Construction of Ecological Civilization in China, ed. by Kaizhong Yang, 1-18. Springer Nature.
Kennedy, John S.(1992). The New Anthropomorphism. Cambridge University Press.
Lestel, Dominique (2021). “Ethology: The Narrative Turn.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Literature, 29 November. https://oxfordre.com/literature/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.001.0001/acrefore-9780190201098-e-1122. Accessed 9 August 2025.
Li, Xueyi (2025). “Cantonese Translations of Doraemon in Hong Kong: Domestication Between Vegetal, Animal, and Human Agencies.” Children's Literature in Education: 1-16.
Louv, Richard (2008). Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-deficit Disorder. Algonquin Books.
———(2019). Our Wild Calling: How Connecting with Animals Can Transform Our Lives—and Save Theirs. Algonquin Books.
Lutts, Ralph H. (1998). “The Realistic Wild Animal Story.” In Literature of Nature: An International Sourcebook, ed. by Patrick D. Murphy, 109-115. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
———(2001). The Nature Fakers: Wildlife, Science, and Sentiment. University of Virginia Press.
Magee, William H. (1964). “The Animal Story: A Challenge in Technique.”The Dalhousie Review 44: 156-164.
McHugh, Susan (2011). Animal Stories: Narrating across Species Lines. University of Minnesota Press.
Mecit, Alican, Tina M. Lowrey,L. J. Shrum (2022). “Grammatical Gender and Anthropomorphism: ‘It' Depends on the Language.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 123(3): 503-517.
Mills, D. S.,Jeremy N. Marchant-Forde (2010). The Encyclopedia of Applied Animal Behaviour and Welfare. CABI.
Parkinson, Claire (2020). Animals, Anthropomorphism and Mediated Encounters. Routledge.
Pu, Long 蒲隆 (trans.) (2019). Xidun yesheng dongwu gushi ji 西頓野生動物故事集 [Seton's wild animal stories collection], by Ernest Thompson Seton. Jilin University Press 吉林大學出版社.
Robinson, Douglas (2021). “The Ethics of Postcolonial Translation.” In The Routledge Handbook of Translatin and Ethics, ed. by Kaisa Koskinen and Nike K. Pokorn, 99-113. Routledge.
Scott, Clive (2018). The Work of Literary Translation. Cambridge University Press.
Sealey, Alison,Lee Oakley (2013). “Anthropomorphic Grammar? Some Linguistic Patterns in the Wildlife Documentary Series Life.” Text & Talk 33(3): 399-420.
Seton, Ernest Thompson (1898). Wild Animals I Have Known. Charles Scribner's Sons.
———(1898a). “Lobo, the King of Currumpaw.” In Wild Animals I Have Known, by Ernest Thompson Seton, 17-54. Charles Scribner's Sons.
———(1898b). “The Pacing Mustang.” In Wild Animals I Have Known, by Ernest Thompson Seton, 229-270. Charles Scribner's Sons.
———(1898c). “The Springfield Fox.” In Wild Animals I Have Known, by Ernest Thompson Seton, 187-224. Charles Scribner's Sons.
———(1898d). “Raggylug, the Story of a Cottontail Rabbit.” In Wild Animals I Have Known, by Ernest Thompson Seton, 93-143. Charles Scribner's Sons.
Shen, Shixi沈石溪,Ernest Thompson Seton 格日勒其木格.黑鶴 (2017). Laoma weini liudi yema 老馬威尼:溜蹄野馬 [Old Horse Weini: The Pacing Mustang]. People's Literature Publishing House 人民文學出版社.
Stibbe, Arran (2012). Animals Erased: Discourse, Ecology, and Reconnection with the Natural World. Wesleyan University Press.
———(2021). Ecolinguistics: Language, Ecology and the Stories We Live By. 2nd edition. Routledge.
———(2023). Econarrative: Ethics, Ecology and the Search for New Narratives to Live By. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Su, Tian 蘇天 (trans.) (2018). Wo suo zhidao de yesheng dongwu 我所知道的野生動物 [Wild Animals I Have Known], by Ernest Thompson Seton. China Youth Press 中國青年出版社.
You, Chengcheng (2024). “Re-engendering the Genre: Critical Anthropomorphism in the Eco-translation of Chinese Wild Animal Stories.” In Translation Studies and Ecology: Mapping the Possibilities of a New Emerging Field, ed. by Dasca, Maria, and Rosa Cerarols, 163-181. Routledge.
Xiao, Mao 肖毛 (trans.) (2020). Wo suo zhidao de yesheng dongwu 我所知道的野生動物 [Wild Animals I Have Known], by Ernest Thompson Seton. Shandong Wenyi Press 山東文藝出版社.
PDF(1041 KB)
